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C++Language | ||||
Standard Library Headers | ||||
Freestanding and hosted implementations | ||||
Named requirements | ||||
Language support library | ||||
Concepts library(C++20) | ||||
Diagnostics library | ||||
Utilities library | ||||
Strings library | ||||
Containers library | ||||
Iterators library | ||||
Ranges library(C++20) | ||||
Algorithms library | ||||
Numerics library | ||||
Localizations library | ||||
Input/output library | ||||
Filesystem library(C++17) | ||||
Regular expressions library(C++11) | ||||
Atomic operations library(C++11) | ||||
Thread support library(C++11) | ||||
Technical Specifications |
General | ||||
overview | ||||
class/struct types | ||||
union types | ||||
injected-class-name | ||||
Members | ||||
data members | ||||
static members | ||||
the this pointer | ||||
nested classes | ||||
member templates | ||||
bit fields | ||||
using-declarations | ||||
member functions | ||||
member access specifiers | ||||
constructors and member initializer lists | ||||
default member initializer(C++11) | ||||
friend specifier | ||||
explicit specifier | ||||
converting constructor | ||||
Special member functions | ||||
default constructor | ||||
copy constructor | ||||
move constructor(C++11) | ||||
copy assignment operator | ||||
move assignment operator(C++11) | ||||
destructor | ||||
Inheritance | ||||
base and derived classes | ||||
empty base optimization | ||||
virtual member functions | ||||
pure virtual functions and abstract classes | ||||
override(C++11) | ||||
final(C++11) |
A default constructor is a constructor which can be called with no arguments (either defined with an empty parameter list, or with default arguments provided for every parameter). A type with a public default constructor is DefaultConstructible.
[edit]Syntax
class_name( ) ; | (1) | |
class_name:: class_name( ) body | (2) | |
class_name() = delete ; | (3) | (since C++11) |
class_name() = default ; | (4) | (since C++11) |
class_name:: class_name( ) = default ; | (5) | (since C++11) |
Where class_name must name the current class (or current instantiation of a class template), or, when declared at namespace scope or in a friend declaration, it must be a qualified class name.
[edit]Explanation
1) Declaration of a default constructor inside of class definition.
2) Definition of the constructor outside of class definition (the class must contain a declaration (1)). See constructors and member initializer lists for details on the constructor body
3) Deleted default constructor: if it is selected by overload resolution, the program fails to compile.
4) Defaulted default constructor: the compiler will define the implicit default constructor even if other constructors are present.
5) Defaulted default constructor outside of class definition (the class must contain a declaration (1)). Such constructor is treated as user-provided (see below and value initialization).
Default constructors are called during default initializations and value initializations.
[edit]Implicitly-declared default constructor
If no user-declared constructors of any kind are provided for a class type (struct, class, or union), the compiler will always declare a default constructor as an
inline public
member of its class. If some user-declared constructors are present, the user may still force the automatic generation of a default constructor by the compiler that would be implicitly-declared otherwise with the keyword default . | (since C++11) |
The implicitly-declared (or defaulted on its first declaration) default constructor has an exception specification as described in dynamic exception specification(until C++17)exception specification(since C++17)
[edit]Implicitly-defined default constructor
If the implicitly-declared default constructor is not defined as deleted, it is defined (that is, a function body is generated and compiled) by the compiler if odr-used, and it has the same effect as a user-defined constructor with empty body and empty initializer list. That is, it calls the default constructors of the bases and of the non-static members of this class. If this satisfies the requirements of a constexpr constructor, the generated constructor is
constexpr
.(since C++11) Class types with an empty user-provided constructor may get treated differently than those with an implicitly-defined or defaulted default constructor during value initialization.If some user-defined constructors are present, the user may still force the automatic generation of a default constructor by the compiler that would be implicitly-declared otherwise with the keyword default . | (since C++11) |
[edit]Deleted implicitly-declared default constructor
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The implicitly-declared or defaulted default constructor for class
T
is undefined (until C++11)defined as deleted(since C++11) if any of the following is true:T
has a member of reference type without a default initializer.(since C++11)T
has a const member without user-defined default constructor or a default member initializer(since C++11).T
has a member (without a default member initializer)(since C++11) which has a deleted default constructor, or its default constructor is ambiguous or inaccessible from this constructor.T
has a direct or virtual base which has a deleted default constructor, or it is ambiguous or inaccessible from this constructor.T
has a direct or virtual base which has a deleted destructor, or a destructor that is inaccessible from this constructor.
| (since C++11) |
T
is a union and all of its variant members are const.
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| (since C++20) |
If no user-defined constructors are present and the implicitly-declared default constructor is not trivial, the user may still inhibit the automatic generation of an implicitly-defined default constructor by the compiler with the keyword delete . | (since C++11) |
[edit]Trivial default constructor
The default constructor for class
T
is trivial (i.e. performs no action) if all of the following is true:- The constructor is not user-provided (i.e., is implicitly-defined or defaulted on its first declaration)
T
has no virtual member functionsT
has no virtual base classes
| (since C++11) |
- Every direct base of
T
has a trivial default constructor - Every non-static member of class type (or array thereof) has a trivial default constructor
A trivial default constructor is a constructor that performs no action. All data types compatible with the C language (POD types) are trivially default-constructible.
[edit]Eligible default constructor
Aiseesoft mac video enhancer 9 2 16 oz. A default constructor is eligible if it is either user-declared or both implicitly-declared and definable. | (until C++11) |
A default constructor is eligible if it is not deleted. | (since C++11) (until C++20) |
A default constructor is eligible if
| (since C++20) |
Triviality of eligible default constructors determines whether the class is an implicit-lifetime type, and whether the class is a trivial type.
[edit]Example
Circle 2 1 2 – uniquely intuitive audio synthesizer software.
[edit] Defect reports
The following behavior-changing defect reports were applied retroactively to previously published C++ standards.
DR | Applied to | Behavior as published | Correct behavior |
---|---|---|---|
CWG 2084 | C++11 | default member initializers have no effect on whether a defaulted default constructor of a union is deleted | they prevent the defaulted default constructor from being defined as deleted |
[edit]See also
- initialization
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Retrieved from 'https://en.cppreference.com/mwiki/index.php?title=cpp/language/default_constructor&oldid=122802'
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